Usually, most of the water tap in the market usually use old system where it using manually control to turn on or turn off the system [1]. When the users using that system they must use their hand to open or close the water tap and the water tap valve easy to damage because when the users always turn strongly to open or close the tap. This system is not efficient because water wastage easy to occur because at the time between to open the tap and wash their hand the water has already been wasted [1-3]. It same when we want to close it and if we forgot to close the water tap it will make waste become more critical [2-3]. As we can see usage of sink only focus on one usage it is all about water. Looking at the development of technology today usage of sink should not be focused on water use only because user needs something their use can give many benefit when they use it. Another disadvantages for the system is when users wash their hands, their hands not very clean because they still have a direct contact to the messy water tap where it expose to the bacteria [4].1.3 ObjectivesThe objectives of this project are:To change manually system water tap become automatic system water tap.To control three different types of output with just one selector switch.To reduce wastage of water that always occurs at water taps.To reduce direct contact to the device for prevent from bacteria.1.4 Project ScopeThese following scopes are listed to ensure the project is heading the right direction and achieve the objectives:This system uses a microcontroller PIC 16F877A where the PIC programmed by C language using Proteus 7 Professional, common control v.5.82, Shell v.6.00 and mikroElektronika C compiler for Microchip PIC microcontrollers Version: 8.2.0.0.The systems have a selector switch where the selector used to choose the type of output depend on what we need.This system is equipped with infrared motion detector where the infrared is using to detect the movement around the water tap and it is input for this system because the system will be operates when a movement has in designated areas.By using infrared motion detector users need only place their hands under the water tap and after the detector detect the movement in designated area the output will come out.CHAPTER IILITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Overview.These chapters state all the studies and reviews from previous projects or journal and sources that help to successfully design, built and implement the entire task during this digital water tap base liquid control project. The studies include improvement and modification of design from previous project. Hardware section will tackle on mechanical, electrical and electronic parts while software section will be cover the studies on software development tools that are used.2.2 Tap water control apparatus.An apparatus capable of being installed onto an existing single spout of plumbing system where in the spout receives tap water from valves that adjust flow rates from separate lines of hot and cold water utilizes a control valve that attaches to the single spout. The control valve is operated by foot pedal which communicates with the control valve by cable whose path in constrained by guides and rollers [5].untitled4.JPGPicture description:1.Spring-biased footpedal.2. Cable.3. Sink basin.4. Flow control valve.5. Apparatus.6. Attaching toaperture.Figure 2.2.1: Tap water control apparatus layout.2.3 Automatic faucet.An automatic faucet has a sensor infrared to start and stop discharging water automatically. Only hand can be detected accurately without detecting a washbowl (chinaware) and water stream erroneously. The sensor comprises a light emitter and a light receiver. The directional axis of a detection region (in which the light emitting region of the light emitter and the receiving region of the light receiver are overlapped with each other) intersects the discharged water steam and further the intersection angle between both is adjusted less than 70 degrees. The reflected light levels detected by the light receiver are sampled periodically to calculate an average value and a variance value on the basis of at least eight most update sampled data. Water discharge is started and stopped on the basis of the calculation average value and the variance [6].untitled5.JPGPicture description:1. Infrared motion detector.2. Nozzle.3. Inlet water.4. Sink basin.Figure 2.3.1: automatic faucet layout.2.4 Hand free tap.With the design of hands free faucet, it wills convenience the elderly or the disabilities that do not have a strong grip tap knobs and people can ease the worry of getting a slip onto ground. As well as water and energy saving are being able to manage the water resources. The idea will be archived by hands are place into infrared light beam, the solenoid valve opens and allows tap water to flow out. When it reach for about 4 seconds, water turn off and solenoid valve resets for the next user. The hand free system can be operating from the battery and an infrared detector. However other alternatives such as the main electricity and the ultrasonic sensor can be used to operate the hand free system [4].Figure 2.4.1: Mechanical metering faucet.2.5 Infrared motion detectorDetection involves recognition of the presence of a particular class of objects of interest in space and time. In the same space and time will be located other objects whose characteristics differ little from those of interest. Therefore, in general a, detection system must differentiate between similar objects. Differentiation between such objects is on the basis of their spatial and spectral characteristics. This differentiation is accomplished by power, space and frequency filtering. Power filtering typically is accomplished by use of a threshold stage, a device amenable to simple, general mathematical description [7].A detection system repeatedly scans a region in space while seeking to detect the presence of an object interest target. A criterion for the effectiveness with which a particular detection system accomplishes its mission is the range at which it will detect an object of interest. Choice of a basic system structure during preliminary design, selection of design parameters during detailed design of a specific system, and evaluation of the functioning of a specific system during a test program are greatly facilitated by a mathematical model which allows a realistic prediction of detection range [7].2.6 Servo motor selection criterion for mechatronic applicationModern mechatronic applications often involve complex motions, resulting in highly dynamic motor loads. The selection of an appropriate motor is based on the characteristics of the load, besides other technical, as well as economic, considerations. However, motor characteristics, such as rotor inertia, affect the motor load, which complicates the analysis. The selection criterion presented in this paper separates the motor characteristics from the load characteristics and its graphical representation facilitates the feasibility check of a certain drive and the comparison between different systems. In addition, it yields the range of possible transmission ratios. The method is illustrated with an industrial case study [8].CHAPTER IIIMethodology3.1 Overview.This chapter describes understanding the objective and planning the design by performing some management method to keep this project stand on the right track. To ensure digital water tap base liquid control prototype successfully developed, some tasks have must been performed following sequence of work where it divided by four stage is project planning, design of circuit, hardware and software. For support tools such as PIC software, PIC kits and USB programmer will be used to assist on software and hardware development.3.2 Hardware design.Hardware design involve the designing of digital water tap base liquid control that consists of four major unit which is microcontroller unit, sensing unit, motor unit and power supply unit. The microcontroller unit functions as interface for input and output system and its peripheral extensions is the major responsible component for the functionality of an instrument. The sensing unit is used to measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. The usage of motor unit consist from two different application is pump and blower. The power supply unit, it plays major rules in distributing the power to the other unit according to the requirement of the system such as if the microcontroller requires 5V voltage, the power supply must provide 5V supply to the microcontroller.3.2.1 PIC microcontroller.The PIC16F877A is from the PIC16 microcontroller family, with the some advantages is a high computational performance at an economical price and the addition of high endurance and Enhanced Flash Memory. Then added features include eight additional instructions that augment indirect and indexed addressing operations and the implementation of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode for many of the standard PIC16 instructions. In addition to these features, the PIC16F877A introduces design enhancements that make power sensitive applications to project and can build microcontroller a logical device for many high-performances. The PIC16F877A make use of NanoWatt technology that incorporates a range of features that can significantly reduce power and voltage consumption during operation includes:Alternate run modes.Multiple idle modes.On the fly mode switching.Lower consumption in key modules.Extended instruction set.3.2.2 Infrared motion detector.The usage of IR detector because they operate by using a type of electromagnetic wave that is invisible to human eyes, harmless to users, and is naturally emitted by all objects. It sense heat and can detect an intruder radiating body heat. Most infrared detectors are passive, meaning they do not send out signals but merely receive signals, such as changes in temperature [7]. Microwave and ultrasonic detectors are active that is they send out waves of energy and receive waves reflected back by objects. Any disturbance in the reflected waves caused by a moving object will make false detection. Find Out How UKEssays.com Can Help You!Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs.
mikroc 8.2.0.0
2ff7e9595c
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